If you feel discriminated against by police action, such as in the context of house searches or identity checks, you have all the options set out under question 3 above.

In addition, you can take legal action against the measure. In this case, the administrative courts will retrospectively review the police action to determine whether it was unlawful. If the courts find that the conduct constituted a breach of official duty, you might, under specific circumstances, also be entitled to claim damages under civil law.

If you currently lack the necessary income or assets to pay for legal advice, you can apply for a certificate of eligibility for advisory assistance with the municipal court responsible for your place of residence. The requirements for this certificate sometimes include a failed attempt on your part to resolve the matter with the other party. With the advisory assistance certificate, you are then entitled to consult a lawyer of your choosing.